{"id":411312,"date":"2010-05-24T13:08:04","date_gmt":"2010-05-24T05:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/law.asia\/?p=411312"},"modified":"2023-07-24T13:16:25","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T05:16:25","slug":"words-of-obligation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.asia\/zh-hans\/words-of-obligation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Shall\u2019 \u8fd8\u662f \u2018Must\u2019? \u5173\u4e8e \u2018\u4e49\u52a1\u2019 \u7684\u8bcd\u8bed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: 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justify;\">\n<li>\u5f53\u5408\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u627f\u62c5\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u8ff0\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u4e70\u65b9\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u8d27\u7269\u4ea4\u4ed8\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u652f\u4ed8\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ef7\u6b3e\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u5f53\u5b83\u6307\u4e00\u9879\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u8ff0\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u6211\u660e\u5929\u8981\u548c\u4f60\u8c08\u8c08\u3002\u6216\u8005 \u6211\u4eec\u660e\u5929\u8981\u518d\u89c1\u4e00\u9762\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: 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style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5230\u671f\u65e5\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5230\u671f\u65e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9012\u4ea4\u7533\u8bf7\u8868\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u201cmust\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u65bd\u52a0\u4e00\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\u53bb\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u5982\u679c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u8d77\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5230\u671f\u65e5\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5230\u671f\u65e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9012\u4ea4\u7533\u8bf7\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4eca\u5e74\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u300aBW Gas Ltd vJAS Shipping Ltd\u300b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u201cshall\u201d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6267\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e9b\u8bb8\u9a9a\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7a81\u51fa\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u201cshall\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u65bd\u52a0\u4e00\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5c06\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8be5\u79cd\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u8239\u8236\u79df\u7528\u5408\u540c 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justify;\">\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7528\u6765\u9610\u660e\u6b64\u70b9\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u540c\u89c4\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8d77\u8349\u8be5\u6761\u6b3e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u5982\u679c\u5408\u540c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u5e0c\u671b\u7ec8\u6b62\u672c\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u7b2c23\u6761\u9012\u9001\u5408\u540c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8d77\u8349\u6b64\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u5e0c\u671b\u7ec8\u6b62\u672c\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7b2c23\u6761\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9012\u9001\u7ec8\u6b62\u5408\u540c\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"vantage-red\"><strong>\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u91cc\u7684\u5904\u5883<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u5982\u540c\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u5f53\u8d77\u8349\u6307\u5411\u4e49\u52a1\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7ed9\u5f8b\u5e08\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u201d\u3001\u201c \u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9700\u8981\u201d \u548c\u201c\u5f97\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\uff0c 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justify;\">\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u663e\u5f97\u6bd4\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u201d\u610f\u5473\u4e00\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u5219\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff08\u5373\uff1a\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u4e49\u52a1\u6216\u8981\u6c42\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u7528)\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u82f1\u6587\u201cshould\u201d\u4e4b\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f9d\u636e\u7528\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u5728\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8fd9\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4fbf\u9887\u6709\u7591\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bcd\u8bed\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u201d\u5982\u540c\u201cshall\u201d\u548c\u201cmust\u201d\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u88ab\u4ee5\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u201c\u5f97\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u590d\u5408\u8bcd\u201c\u4e0d\u5f97\u201d\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7981\u6b62\u201d\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u5bf9\u76f8\u90bb\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u56e0\u901a\u884c\u7b49\u5fc5\u987b\u5229\u7528\u5176\u571f\u5730\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u3002<br \/>\n(\u300a\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u516b\u5341\u4e03\u6761)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u6309\u7167\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5c65\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u64c5\u81ea\u53d8\u66f4\u6216\u8005\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u3002<br \/>\n(\u300a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u516b\u6761)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u663e\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u201d\u6765\u65bd\u52a0\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u6240\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u4e00\u5207\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u5404\u653f\u515a\u548c\u5404\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u5404\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u8fdd\u53cd\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e88\u4ee5\u8ffd\u7a76\u3002(\u7b2c\u4e94\u6761)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u5f00\u53d1\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u7167\u987e\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<br \/>\n(\u7b2c\u4e00\u767e\u4e00\u5341\u516b\u6761)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6b64\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u542b\u4e49\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u611f\u5230\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_214576\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-214576\" style=\"width: 148px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-214576\" src=\"https:\/\/law.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/andrew-godwin.jpg\" alt=\"Andrew Godwin \" width=\"148\" height=\"172\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-214576\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/law.unimelb.edu.au\/about\/staff\/andrew-godwin\" target=\"_blank\">\u845b\u5b89\u5fb7 Andrew Godwin<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"vantage-grey\"><em>\u845b\u5b89\u5fb7\u662f\u5e74\u5229\u8fbe\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u4e0a\u6d77\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u524d\u5408\u4f19\u4eba, \u73b0\u5728\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u6cd5\u5f8b, 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