{"id":694662,"date":"2026-06-30T14:37:36","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T06:37:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/law.asia\/?p=694662"},"modified":"2026-07-01T14:04:12","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T06:04:12","slug":"non-traditional-trademark-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.asia\/ja\/non-traditional-trademark-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5546\u6a19\u4fdd\u8b77\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u3084\u30ed\u30b4\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5f93\u6765\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u696d\u8005\u306e\u5546\u54c1\u3092\u4ed6\u306e\u4e8b\u696d\u8005\u306e\u5546\u54c1\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u540d\u3084\u30ed\u30b4\u304b\u3089\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4eca\u65e5\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u306f\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3001\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3001\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u591a\u984d\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30d9\u30eb\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u3084\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5916\u89b3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u88fd\u54c1\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u30dc\u30c8\u30eb\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u51fa\u6240\u3068\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5546\u6a19\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u304c\u5f53\u8a72\u51fa\u6240\u304b\u3089\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u975e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u6cd5\u3082\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u77e5\u7684\u8ca1\u7523\u5e81\u306f2023\u5e74\u306b\u901a\u9054\u3092\u767a\u884c\u3057\u3001\u767b\u9332\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5546\u6a19\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7acb\u4f53\u5546\u6a19\u3001\u8272\u5f69\u5546\u6a19\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5546\u6a19\u3001\u52d5\u7684\u5546\u6a19\u3001\u30db\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u5546\u6a19\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u975e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u8996\u899a\u7684\u5546\u6a19\u3092\u542b\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6539\u6b63\u306f\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u6cd5\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5316\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u5b9f\u52d9\u3092\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u5411\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5546\u6a19\u306e\u767b\u9332\u3092\u5186\u6ed1\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u540c\u901a\u9054\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u51fa\u9858\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5546\u6a19\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u56f3\u793a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u6307\u91dd\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u7acb\u4f53\u5546\u6a19\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u56f3\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8272\u5f69\u5546\u6a19\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8272\u8abf\u3084\u914d\u8272\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u52d5\u7684\u5546\u6a19\u3084\u30db\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u5546\u6a19\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u753b\u50cf\u3001\u52d5\u753b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8996\u899a\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u88cf\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6a29\u5229\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u5916\u3068\u306a\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u7834\u7dda\u3084\u70b9\u7dda\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n

\u975e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u5546\u6a19\u306e\u5b9f\u4f53\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u30cf\u30fc\u30c9\u30eb<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\"Ernest
Ernest Luigi A Manzanares<\/strong>
\u30a2\u30bd\u30b7\u30a8\u30a4\u30c8
Federis & Associates Law Offices<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u3053\u306e\u898f\u5247\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u975e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5546\u6a19\u306e\u767b\u9332\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u4e0a\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u5b9a\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u3088\u308a\u56f0\u96e3\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u5b9f\u4f53\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u751f\u3058\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u8272\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8996\u899a\u7684\u7279\u5fb4\u304c\u5546\u6a19\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u88fd\u54c1\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3001\u771f\u306b\u51fa\u6240\u306e\u8b58\u5225\u5b50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u7acb\u4f53\u5546\u6a19\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3060\u3068\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u8b58\u5225\u529b\u306e\u7acb\u8a3c\u3084\u6a5f\u80fd\u6027\u539f\u5247\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u304c\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7acb\u4f53\u5546\u6a19\u306f\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u51fa\u6240\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3067\u304d\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306b\u7570\u4f8b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u975e\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8981\u4ef6\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u969b\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u5f53\u5c40\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u304c\u6163\u7fd2\u7684\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u696d\u754c\u6a19\u6e96\u306e\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u8457\u3057\u304f\u9038\u8131\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u8003\u616e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u696d\u754c\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u72b6\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u51fa\u6240\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5546\u6a19\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b58\u5225\u529b\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u7acb\u4f53\u5546\u6a19\u306e\u51fa\u9858\u4eba\u306f\u300c\u6a5f\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u969c\u58c1\u3082\u4e57\u308a\u8d8a\u3048\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u77e5\u7684\u8ca1\u7523\uff08IP\uff09\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u72b6\u3092\u767b\u9332\u5bfe\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u9664\u5916\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5224\u4f8b\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u304c\u5f53\u8a72\u7269\u54c1\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u306e\u7269\u54c1\u306e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3084\u54c1\u8cea\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7af6\u5408\u4ed6\u793e\u304c\u540c\u4e00\u5546\u54c1\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u3084\u5e02\u5834\u3067\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u7af6\u4e89\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u72ec\u5360\u7684\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u6b21\u5143\u5546\u6a19\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u610f\u5473<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u77e5\u7684\u8ca1\u7523\u6cd5\u7b2c123.2\u6761\u306f\u3001\u6280\u8853\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u72b6\u3084\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u304b\u3064\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u5f97\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u3084\u5305\u88c5\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u304c\u5f53\u521d\u306f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5546\u696d\u7684\u51fa\u6240\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30825\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u3001\u304b\u3064\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u8a3c\u660e\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u5546\u6a19\u304c\u767b\u9332\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8b58\u5225\u529b\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u8a3c\u62e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u306b\u3082\u9650\u754c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u610f\u5473\u306e\u6cd5\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3001\u6163\u7fd2\u7684\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7a2e\u5225\u8868\u793a\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5f62\u72b6\u3084\u69cb\u6210\u306b\u306f\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4e09\u6b21\u5143\u5546\u6a19\u3084\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u304c\u3001\u5358\u306b\u5546\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u7531\u3060\u3051\u3067\u72ec\u5360\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u305a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u696d\u754c\u6a19\u6e96\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u7279\u306b\u9855\u8457\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u306f\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u6cd5\u304c\u3001\u4fa1\u5024\u3042\u308b\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u8b58\u5225\u5b50\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3068\u5e02\u5834\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u516c\u6b63\u306a\u7af6\u4e89\u306e\u78ba\u4fdd\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u5747\u8861\u3092\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u975e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u5546\u6a19\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u6587\u5b57\u5546\u6a19\u3084\u30ed\u30b4\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u304c\u5546\u54c1\u30fb\u5f79\u52d9\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u88fd\u54c1\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u69cb\u6210\u3001\u8272\u5f69\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8996\u899a\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u4f9d\u62e0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u5b9f\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

Ernest Luigi A Manzanares\u306fFederis & Associates Law Offices\u306e\u30a2\u30bd\u30b7\u30a8\u30a4\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\"IPFEDERIS & ASSOCIATES LAW OFFICES<\/strong>
\nSuites 2002 to 2006,
\n88 Corporate Centre,
\nValero St, Salcedo Village,
\nMakati City 1227, Philippines
\nwww.federislaw.com.ph<\/a>
\n\uc5f0\ub77d\ucc98:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T: +632 8 889 6197
\nE: emanzanares@federislaw.com.ph<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5f93\u6765\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u696d\u8005\u306e\u5546\u54c1\u3092\u4ed6\u306e\u4e8b\u696d\u8005\u306e\u5546\u54c1\u3068\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u540d\u3084\u30ed\u30b4\u304b\u3089\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4eca\u65e5\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u306f\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u3001\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3001\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u591a\u984d\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13501,"featured_media":694463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","meta-author":"Ernest Luigi A Manzanares\/Federis & Associates Law Offices"},"categories":[8404,8530],"tags":[148048,148049,104758,161808,16555,178460,54011],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n